🇪🇺 DoxyChain Legality in EU Countries
Product: Certificates
Certificates issued by DoxyChain utilizing blockchain technology have been meticulously developed in accordance with current legal frameworks. Although the platform relies on sturdy legal foundations and leverages blockchain technology to ensure data immutability, it's essential to consider individual specifications and precise legal requirements during the certificate verification process.
Certificates are fully valid and enforceable statements of intent issued in documentary form on the basis of freedom of contract in compliance with European law.Certificates issued by DoxyChain are the result of careful consideration of current legal regulations; however, each of them requires thorough examination based on the specific situation.
Therefore, we encourage you to contact our team at contact@doxychain.com so that we can conduct an in-depth analysis of your certificate's compliance. As part of our service, we offer a comprehensive approach, considering every significant aspect of your case while adhering to applicable legal frameworks. Our team of experts is prepared to provide you with an accurate assessment, taking into account your individual needs.
Product: eSign
Under current Polish and European legislation, a contract may be validly concluded without the need for a traditional written (wet-ink) signature, unless there is a specific exception provided for by law. According to Article 60 of the Polish Civil Code (and any other UE law), any action of a person expressing his or her will in a sufficient manner, including the disclosure of that will in electronic form, is sufficient.
DoxyChain provides the opportunity to use the documentary form, which is sufficient when the law does not require a specific form and the electronic form (qualified electronic signature), or the form of a notarial deed.Please note that DoxyChain's advanced signature may satisfy more than 90 % of the types of documents in commercial transactions (not only under Polish or European law). The parties to agreements sometimes increase the form of agreements for no rational reason.
Validity of Issued Documents
According to EU law, electronic form constitutes a statement of intent; through DoxyChain, the manifestation of intent is disclosed in a clear and comprehensible manner to the recipient. Expressing intent via the DoxyChain platform is fully valid and effective towards the other party if the other party has the opportunity to acquaint themselves with it, thus making it binding upon them.
The principle of freedom of contract is a fundamental legal principle in many legal systems, including the EU. It means that parties entering into a contract have broad autonomy in determining the contractual terms, provided that the agreement is made in accordance with the law and does not violate other provisions or the rights of third parties.
In the case of contracts made through an electronic platform, freedom of contract can be applied as long as the parties explicitly consent to the terms of the agreement and can consciously accept its terms before entering into the agreement.
User Authentication and Authorization
In alignment with eIDAS standards, which delineate three tiers of electronic identification, DoxyChain complies with the prerequisites for advanced verification. This is achieved by the dual verification of both the email address and the phone number (according to the law, the telephone number should be registered and assigned to the relevant private person). By employing this combination of email and phone number verification, DoxyChain ensures a robust and advanced level of user authentication, aligning with the criteria set forth by eIDAS for enhanced electronic identification (2FA).
DoxyChain Documents as Evidence in EU Court
A document signed with an electronic signature, may constitute evidence in legal proceedings, which is guaranteed by Article 25(1) eIDAS, i.e.: "An electronic signature may not be denied legal effect or admissibility as evidence in legal proceedings solely on the grounds that the signature is in electronic form or that it does not meet the requirements for qualified electronic signatures."
The confirmation of the signature of a specific document issued by DoxyChain constitutes a document issued by a trusted third party and, at the same time, a trust service provider, which can be used as evidence in court proceedings for the following: the signature of the document, its content, the date on which the signatures were affixed. Moreover, the parties are able to prove whether there has been an unauthorised alteration of the document in question, whether it retains its integrity. In addition, blockchain also secures any transactions, which provide additional evidentiary strength before the court.
Electronic evidence: any evidence (means of proof) derived from data or evidence) derived from data contained in or produced by any device the operation of which depends on software or data stored or transmitted via a computer system or network; consequently, documents signed using DoxyChain as well as DoxyChain certificates may constitute evidence in legal proceedings.
Blockchain Technology: Privacy and Security
A declaration of intent utilizing blockchain technology may be considered valid and effective in accordance with the law, provided it meets specific legal requirements. Blockchain ensures immutability, privacy, and security, as well as tracking the history of changes, which can serve as potential evidence in court. DoxyChain Verifier, offering the ability to obtain confirmation of the history of changes and actions on a document, is a valuable tool for documenting the authenticity and integrity of documentation in the context of legal disputes. However, the final determination regarding the validity of such evidence rests with the court, although blockchain can be regarded as an arbiter of data immutability.
Document Verifiability and Integrity
The assurance of document authenticity and content integrity stands as the primary feature that distinguishes the innovative blockchain technology employed by DoxyChain, providing a competitive advantage over other market entities. Any document signed or shared via the DoxyChain platform, also serving as a certificate, cannot be modified without the knowledge of other users, as ensured by blockchain technology.
Additionally, blockchain technology offers a timestamp feature, allowing visibility into when your certificate was issued or when a document was signed. Any party can check the document status and validity in the DoxyChain Verifier.
Only authorized individuals have access to documents or certificates, which is a priority for DoxyChain in terms of personal data protection. The platform explicitly ensures that only authorized individuals have the capability to access documents and certificates. Personal data protection is a key element of DoxyChain's strategy, and controlling access to information is a fundamental aspect of the platform's operations.
Therefore, the prerequisites of integrity and the non-alteration of statements and content in the document comply with European law and maintain the highest security standards, and blockchain provides the guarantee of an independent third-party arbitrator.
Compliance and Regulations
Among other regulations, DoxyChain also complies with:
Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC (EU Official Journal L 257, 2014, p. 73);
The Act of 5 September 2016 on trust services and electronic identification (consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2020, item 1173, as amended);
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR);
The Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (ESIGN), and state and territory versions of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA).
Disclaimer
The information on this site is for general information purposes only and is not intended to serve as legal advice. This information does not constitute a legal opinion and each case requires an analysis in substance. To get more precise information, please contact us at contact@doxychain.com, and we'll do our best to assist you.
🇺🇸 DoxyChain Legality in The United States
Product: Certificates
Certificates issued by DoxyChain utilizing blockchain technology have been meticulously developed in accordance with current legal frameworks. Although the platform relies on sturdy legal foundations and leverages blockchain technology to ensure data immutability, it's essential to consider individual specifications and precise legal requirements during the certificate verification process.
Certificates are fully valid and enforceable declarations of intent issued in documentary form under the principle of freedom of contract with respect to US law.Certificates issued by DoxyChain are the result of careful consideration of current legal regulations; however, each of them requires thorough examination based on the specific situation.
Therefore, we encourage you to contact our team at contact@doxychain.com so that we can conduct an in-depth analysis of your certificate's compliance. As part of our service, we offer a comprehensive approach, considering every significant aspect of your case while adhering to applicable legal frameworks. Our team of experts is prepared to provide you with an accurate assessment, taking into account your individual needs.
Product: eSign
The ability to use electronic signatures for contracting under United States laws derives primarily from two pieces of legislation. The first, at the federal level, is the ESIGN Act. The second piece of legislation is the UETA, which has been implemented into the legal orders of almost all US states. Currently, both manual signatures and electronic signatures have the same status in the US.
DoxyChain certainly fulfills the below definition:
“Electronic sound, symbol or process, attached to or logically associated with a contract or other record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record.”
The UETA outlines the following major requirements that all electronic documents must meet to be considered valid under U.S. law:
1. Intent to sign;
2. Consent to do business electronically;
3. Association of signature with the record;
4. Signature attribution;
5. Protection of signature;
6. Copies sent to the signer;
7. Record retention.
Please note that DoxyChain fulfills the requirements described in the UETA and is therefore a fully valid tool for signing a document in the USA.
It should also be pointed out that DoxyChain meets the restrictive conditions in the EU for advanced signatures in accordance with eIDAS.
Additionally, when e-signatures are combined with tamper sealing, enhanced authentication, independent validity verification and an audit trail, they provide stronger court admissible evidence than a simple wet signature or scanned image of a signature on a PDF. Blockchain-based solutions (like DoxyChain) checks all the above.
To summarize, an e-signature is a generic term for any signature transmitted electronically (whether it is a digitally written signature or a signature generated through an electronic document signing service), whereas a digital signature has more advanced features that keep the signature secure.
It is believed that, under US law, a DoxyChain signature is a Digital Signature according US law. The electronic signature underneath the declaration of intent always ensures that the documentary form is preserved, which allows the effective and valid conclusion of most contracts operating in business, while maintaining a level of security.
Validity of Issued Documents
Statements of intent made through electronic means can be considered valid and effective in the United States in accordance with relevant regulations and conditions. Many actions and agreements can be concluded electronically, provided certain criteria for security, authentication, and compliance with electronic signature laws are met.
DoxyChain can assist in authorizing, securing, and managing digital signatures, providing protective measures that may be legally accepted.In the United States, the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (ESIGN Act) and the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA) establish the legal framework for electronic signatures and records. Under these laws, electronic signatures are generally considered legally equivalent to handwritten signatures, and electronic records are admissible in court if they meet certain requirements regarding consent, authentication, and retention.
Therefore, the prerequisites of integrity and the non-alteration of statements and content in the document comply with US and maintain the highest security standards, and blockchain provides the guarantee of an independent third-party arbitrator.
User Authentication and Authorization
In alignment with USA standards, which delineate three tiers of electronic identification, DoxyChain complies with the prerequisites for advanced verification. This is achieved by the dual verification of both the email address and the phone number (according to the law, the telephone number should be registered and assigned to the relevant private person). By employing this combination of email and phone number verification, DoxyChain ensures a robust and advanced level of user authentication, aligning with the criteria set forth by UEATA for enhanced electronic identification (2FA).
DoxyChain Documents as Evidence in US Court
The validation of a document's signature issued by DoxyChain serves as documentation from a trusted third party and simultaneously as a trust service provider. This documentation can be utilized as evidence in court proceedings for various purposes, including verification of the document's signature, its contents, and the date on which the signatures were affixed. Moreover, it enables the parties to prove unauthorized alterations or any lack of integrity in the document in question. Additionally, blockchain technology secures transactions, providing added evidentiary strength in court.
Electronic evidence encompasses any evidence derived from data contained in or produced by devices dependent on software or transmitted via a computer system or network. Consequently, documents signed using DoxyChain and DoxyChain certificates may be admissible as evidence in legal proceedings.
In the same vein, certificates issued by DoxyChain follow a similar logic. These certificates not only confirm specific facts or data but also signify the will and trust of the parties involved in the certification process. Each certificate not only provides information about events or document authenticity but also represents an intention and agreement to the contained content. Therefore, DoxyChain certificates, to analogous documents, reflect the decisions and commitment of the involved parties in the certification process. They serve not only to confirm data but also to demonstrate compliance with specific standards and commitments, though additional analysis may be required according to specific regulations.
Blockchain Technology: Privacy and Security
A declaration of intent utilizing blockchain technology may be considered valid and effective in accordance with the law, provided it meets specific legal requirements. Blockchain ensures immutability, privacy, and security, as well as tracking the history of changes, which can serve as potential evidence in court.
DoxyChain Verifier, offering the ability to obtain confirmation of the history of changes and actions on a document, is a valuable tool for documenting the authenticity and integrity of documentation in the context of legal disputes. However, the final determination regarding the validity of such evidence rests with the court, although blockchain can be regarded as an arbiter of data immutability.
Document Verifiability and Integrity
The assurance of document authenticity and content integrity stands as the primary feature that distinguishes the innovative blockchain technology employed by DoxyChain, providing a competitive advantage over other market entities.
Any document signed or shared via the DoxyChain platform, serving as a certificate, cannot be modified without the knowledge of other users, as ensured by blockchain technology.
Additionally, blockchain technology offers a timestamp feature, allowing visibility into when your certificate was issued or when a document was signed.Only authorized individuals have access to documents or certificates, which is a priority for DoxyChain in terms of personal data protection. The platform explicitly ensures that only authorized individuals have the capability to access documents and certificates. Personal data protection is a key element of DoxyChain's strategy, and controlling access to information is a fundamental aspect of the platform's operations.
Therefore, the prerequisites of integrity and the non-alteration of statements and content in the document comply with US law and maintain the highest security standards, and blockchain provides the guarantee of an independent third-party arbitrator.
Compliance and Regulations
Among other regulations, DoxyChain also complies with:
Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC (EU Official Journal L 257, 2014, p. 73);
The Act of 5 September 2016 on trust services and electronic identification (consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2020, item 1173, as amended);
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR);
The Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (ESIGN), and state and territory versions of the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA).
Disclaimer
The information on this site is for general information purposes only and is not intended to serve as legal advice. This information does not constitute a legal opinion and each case requires an analysis in substance. To get more precise information, please contact us at contact@doxychain.com, and we'll do our best to assist you.